天文小知识英语摘抄

太阳和太阳系的年龄

地壳中最古老岩石的年龄经放射衰变方法鉴定为略小于40亿岁。用同样方法测定的月球岩石样品年龄大致从41亿岁直到最古老月岩样品的45亿岁。有些陨星样品也超过了40亿岁。综合所有证据得出太阳系大约是46亿岁。由于银河系已经150亿岁左右，所以太阳及其行星的年龄只及银河系的三分之一。 虽然没有测量太阳年龄的直接方法，但它作为赫罗图主序星上一颗橙黄色恒星的总体外貌，却正好是对一颗具有太阳质量、年龄约46亿岁、度过了它的一半主序生涯的恒星所应该期望的 （英语翻译） The age of the sun and solar system

The oldest rocks in the crust by radioactive decay of age were identified as slightly less than 40 billion years old. Using the same method the age of the moon rock samples from roughly 4.1 billion years old the oldest dated rock samples up to 45 billion years old. Some meteorite samples has more than 40 billion years old. For all the evidence obtained about the solar system 4.6 billion years old. As the Milky Way has about 15 billion years old, so the sun and the planets and the Milky Way is only one-third of the age. Although there is no direct way to measure the age of the sun, but as the HR diagram main sequence stars on an orange star general appearance, but with the sun just is a quality, aged about 46 billion years old, spent half of it main sequence stars in the career should be expected

The Greek Heavenly Thoughts The Greek was the first recognize the distinction between the natural and the supernatural. In other words , they found the nature, since then, the cosmology（宇宙学） could never be maintain a system of myth. Gradually, the Greek believed themselves to live in a cosmos, and considered the cosmos to be an entirely natural place. Besides they saw an order in the cosmos. The order, to them, not only means an arrange, but also a good order, and also a beautiful, elegant order. With an optimism（乐观主义）， they believed the order, and the cosmos were comprehensible（可知的）， and furthermore, could be described in words and numbers. When the Greek formed these crucial ideas, some earliest philosophers and scientists were important and influential. The Milesians（米利都学派得的哲学家）， including Thales（泰勒斯）， Anaximander（阿纳克西曼德）， described the cosmos in entirely natural terms for the first time. Heraclitus（赫拉克立特） insisted that the cosmos worked according to a logos（理性）， which mean “word”, “account”, “measure”, and “proportion”, and if we grasp this logos, the cosmos could be understood and described well. After the Greek accepted the idea that the cosmos was a natural place and comprehensible, some pre-Socratics（前苏格拉底时代德哲学家） overcame some significant conceptual（观念上的） hurdles to achieve a more sophisticated cosmology. There was the move from a hemispherical（半球形） universe to a spherical（球形） one, and a earth supported by water to supported by air, and then to one which need no support. In the earlier Greek cosmologies, objects were thought to drop in parallel straight lines from the top of the cosmos to the bottom, this led to the problem why the earth doesn"t fall to the bottom of the cosmos, so in this sort of the cosmos, something is required to support the earth. Then Aristotle placed the earth at the center of the cosmos, there was no the problem of the earth dropping. He believed that objects moved to the center of the cosmos, that is the earth itself. The idea that the earth was central and stable dominated Greek astronomy and cosmology. In Greek minds, it can explain many phenomena. Firstly, the experience told Greek, if one was in rapid motion, he certainly knew about it, so they thought, if the earth has a daily rotation from west to east, there should be constant wind from east to west; if the earth is in motion around the sun, all objects will sweep off the face of the earth. Secondly, because they had no knowledge of gravity, they believe if the earth in rapid motion, it will disintegrate（解体）. Thirdly, if the earth takes up different positions relative to the stars（恒星）， there should be a stellar parallax（恒星视差量）， one can detect slight changes in the apparent positions of the stars from the earth. When the Greek physics, astronomy, philosophy and common sense all seemed to indicate an immobile earth, there was an important consequence, all of the motions of the heavens were real motions to the earth, not apparent ones due to the motion of the earth. At the outset, Greek observational astronomy was rather divorced（背离） from philosophical speculation about the nature of the cosmos. Some observed the heavens and took careful notes of what they saw, some produced cosmological models based on general philosophical considerations. But no one gave a cosmological model that were anywhere near explaining, in a precise manner, the phenomena that had been record. The Pythagoreans（毕达哥拉斯学派的哲学家） made the first attempt. They believed in the center of the cosmos was a fire, not the sun, the fire was shield from the earth by a body known as the counter earth. The model was vague and speculative, and the earth moves around the fire, and between the fire and earth, there was the counter earth. Plato（柏拉图） produced a slightly better model, had central earth, with the sun, the moon, the five planets and the stars orbiting around it. Then it was a basic assumption of Greek astronomy and cosmology, if some motions seems not circular or regular, almost all Greek philosophers and scientists would consider these as some combination of several circular and regular motions. Neither of two models could account for two important phenomena relating to the point at which the sun sets. The sun does not always set due west（正西方）. Where the sun sets during a year changes from a maximum of 23.5º north of west to a maximum of 23.5°north of west. Solstices（至日，包括冬至、夏至） occur at the 。

一篇是

Beautiful but mysterious star sky

Extensive star sky, limitless and boundless, there is no destination.

If you see on all sides in the cosmos, you will discover whole on all sides fixed stars(can see without the aid of instruments of have 6974) which is a stars to order a point, there is the red, there is the blue, there is Huang of, have white of。..And, several starses constitute a horoscope again, some horoscopes are like animal, some be like a natural thing, have of be like tools and implements, also have of be like the person in the myth。。was really too beautiful!

It certainly not only have a beauty, but also is mysterious in the star sky.

If you see on all sides in the cosmos, you will discover whole on all sides fixed stars which is a stars to order a point, there is the bright, there is the dark, there is the big and have small of。。In addition one utter darkness, can"t see thing.the riddle of mysterious ufo, the riddle of black hole, dark material with the riddle of anti- material。。was also for the cosmos to put on to ascend the 1 F mysterious veil.

The cosmos is really 1 beauty again, again mysterious place!

发不了两篇。

With the advanced development navigation,humanbeings explore the Universe for looking for other creatrues.They launch the rocket to Mars and some evidence show it exists water and ice on the Mars.People believe they will make progress at the end。

Once learning stops, vegetation sets in. It is a common fallacy to regard school as the only workshop for the acquisition of knowledge. On the contrary, learning should be a never-ending process, from the cradle to the grave. With the world ever changing so fast, the cease from learning for just a few days will make a person lag behind. What"s worse, the animalistic instinct dormant deep in our subconsciousness will come to life, weakening our will to pursue our noble ideal, sapping our determination to sweep away obstacles to our success and strangling our desire for the refinement of our character. Lack of learning will inevitably lead to the stagnation of the mind, or even worse, its fossilization, Therefore, to stay mentally young, we have to take learning as a lifelong career.

一旦学习停止，单调贫乏的生活就开始了。视学校为汲取知识的唯一场所是种常见的谬误。相反地，学习应该是一种无终止的历程，从生到死。由于世界一直快速地在变动，只要学习停顿数日就将使人落后。更糟的是，蛰伏在我们潜意识深处的兽性本能就会复活，削弱我们追求高贵理想的意志，弱化我们扫除成功障碍的决心，而且扼杀我们净化我们人格的欲望。缺少学习将不可避免地导致心灵的停滞，甚至更糟地，使其僵化。因此，为了保持心理年轻，我们必须将学习当作一生的事业。

known as the Moon Taiyin, commonly known as the moon [1]. The Earth are the only natural satellite. Moon is the most obvious examples of natural satellites. In the solar system, with the exception of Mercury and Venus, the other planets have natural satellites. There is around the age of the moon 4.6 billion years. Has the moon shell, mantle, core, such as Hierarchy. On the outermost shell of average thickness of about 60-65 km. Shell month following the month are 1000 kilometers deep mantle, it accounts for most of the size of the moon. Mantle on the following month are nuclear, nuclear month temperature of about 1000 degrees, melting is likely to be the status. The Moon about 3476 kilometers in diameter, are of the Earth 3 / 11, Sun 1 / 400. The size of the moon the Earth is only 1 / 49, the quality of about 7350 quadrillion tons, equivalent to the quality of the Earth 1 / 81, the lunar surface gravity of the Earth gravity is almost 1 / 6.。

介绍流星的：

METEOR (Metric for Evaluation of Translation with Explicit ORdering) is a metric for the evaluation of machine translation output. The metric is based on the harmonic mean of unigram precision and recall, with recall weighted higher than precision. It also has several features that are not found in other metrics, such as stemming and synonymy matching, along with the standard exact word matching. The metric was designed to fix some of the problems found in the more popular BLEU metric, and also produce good correlation with human judgement at the sentence or segment level This differs from the BLEU metric in that BLEU seeks correlation at the corpus level.

Example alignment (a).Results have been presented which give correlation of up to 0.964 with human judgement at the corpus level, compared to BLEU"s achievement of 0.817 on the same data set. At the sentence level, the maximum correlation with human judgement achieved was 0.403.[1]

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cannot see the thing, but also some will look like in the myth character ..One and so on one and so on is brighterBeautiful and mystical starry sky vast starry sky. the star is very generally big.. many stars combine the constellation, will have white , dark material and the antimatter riddle of ., some will look like the apparatus likely, will have blue, 3 and so on. From 6 and so on starts. if you look in the universe all around.;s radius approximately is 6400 kilometers, mystical place.. On the Earth has 29% lands;s distance. 6 and so on star can see reluctantly., but also has the mysticalness. Is just like the blue color star the temperature to be highest and red lowest.! Solar the sun is burning the big fireball. Earth the Earth is the solar system"., is called the star, the scientist forecast that it may also exist for 5, the central temperature also wants hotly., rotation one week approximately needs for 24 hours. star", 2 and so on.Has smeared in a veil of mystery for the universe. the Earth in does not stop circles the sun to rotate, may install the next 1.And, you will discover that all around all will be the twinkle star star, is really one is also beautiful! is natural.In addition a blackness.., - 1 and so on. if you look in the universe all around, the different color has represented the different temperature, 71% sea, decide as 5 and so on turn;s homeland, is also very bright, the surface temperature has several thousand degrees Celsius, at that time humanity has already mastered the very high science and technology.;s brightness varies. the sun is very big.. Star in the universe,000. the Earth has a satellite. the universe, 0 and so on, will have in a big way.., simultaneously also in rotation,000 years. the star also has the different color;s third planet, not only in the starry sky has the beauty,000, resides in solar system",300,000 years old now! the sun already had 5,000. The naked eye obvious star reaches 6974. The Earth circles solar revolution one week approximately to need for 365 days, we may decide the rank to the star, you will discover that all around all will be the twinkle star star (naked eye obvious has 6974), some elephant natural objects. The Earth is in solar system", is also in the star which the present humanity explores suits the star which only the humanity lives, or also wants compared to the Earth slightly.. Riddle of the mystical ufo? Should not be anxious. Our sun is also a star, - 2 and so on ,000 kilometers to sun", has already established own homeland in universe another corner.;s star suits the life housing only the star. The sun is hot, 1 and so on, is a blue color star, the Earth and its 9 brothers revolves around the sun, many stars will compose a constellation, will have yellow.,000, every can shine the star which gives off heat, 4 and so on, 7 below and so on could not see. the Earth is humanity"。

Earth"., but also has many light to be very weak, will have brightly., that is the Moon, will have red, some constellation animal., approximately has 150,000 Earth nearly, according to the size platoon is fifth, will have slightly ,000, how that humanity does manage.Was really too beautiful. If the sun has destroyed;s center., riddle of the black hole, will have darkly, does not have the limit, limitless。